Butterfly wings and fiber optics: a science update

The butterflies you see all around, and some of the moths at night, get their color on their wings by two very different processes. Some, like the monarchs, have dyes in their wings that give color. But the more interesting ones are the tropical ones that shimmer and glisten — their wing colors are made from structures that they grow, structures that bend, reflect and contain light-like miniature prisms. These structures have been given the name of gyroids and they are about to change the world we all live in — in a good way.

These gyroids are nano-structures. That is, they are very, very small. To make them using the finest tools we have in labs is possible. What is far more exciting is the breakthroughs coming out of government labs and Penn State, where they are starting to grow them, called chalcogenide glass replicas. So far, word is they have not been too successful. Seems butterflies can grow them perfectly, whereas we are clumsy. But our scientists are getting better.

u      u      u

Now, you may ask, what are we doing this butterfly wing color stuff for? Well, imagine a fiber optic cable, channeling light across the nation. Along the way, it leaks signal through its wall and every 200 miles or so you have to put an amplifier in the line to re-boost the signal.

We just cannot seem to make fiber optic cable perfectly, so that 100 percent of the light in one end emerges out the other. It is kind of like electricity, without the insulation on the outside, some of the juice will leak to the surrounding environment. That is why high-tension wires crackle when it drizzles.

So, by growing these gyroids, chalcogenide glass replicas, to surround the fiber optic cable, it will keep bending the light back into the cable, enabling all the light to reach the other end. How effective is Mother Nature’s insulator? So far, scientists think it could save about $1 billion a year in amplifiers, undersea cable repair, computer installations and other high-tech needs.

u      u      u

Earth’s gravity is a constant, right? That is what they taught you in school anyway. Well, a new satellite called Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) has just finished mapping the earth and it has discovered that gravity varies all over the place. And it may vary by season as well (the pull of the sun in our summer is higher).

The earth is a sphere (ball) that has a few flat spots. GOCE was designed to sense tiny variations in the pull of gravity over the earth’s surface. Scientists use that data stream from the satellite to build a gravity map of the earth. Using that map, they can see where gravity is less strong and other places where it is stronger.

What is perhaps even more interesting is that GOCE can also theoretically see where magma is building up deep underground as gravity increases beneath a volcano, or where a shift in tectonic plates is about to happen.

In time, they may use GOCE to predict earthquakes and volcanic activity. But for now, the gravity map is helping watch the movement of the mass of water around the globe, better predicting weather and tidal forces. And what also has come out of this is a gravity color map you can find online. It shows the strength or weakness of gravity where you live.

u      u      u

OK, the differences may seem slight (variation from 9.78m/sec/sec at the equator to 9.83/sec/sec at the poles), but already scientists are exploring the animal capability to detect such changes as part of primordial migration navigation. Which way is north for a tern? Maybe they follow the gravity gradient.

What is most interesting is research into human evolution and culture. Europe, China and Malaysia have almost an equal gravitational pull. It is like they are 250 feet above the surface of the earth whereas in North America and east Africa the pull is like you are on the surface. Except in northern England. There is an anomaly there, where you are 120 feet below the surface level, just like in southern India and Mongolia. It may be what gives us the sense of place, the feeling of being “at home.�

Peter Riva, formerly of Amenia Union, lives in New Mexico.

Latest News

In remembrance:
Tim Prentice and the art of making the wind visible
In remembrance: Tim Prentice and the art of making the wind visible
In remembrance: Tim Prentice and the art of making the wind visible

There are artists who make objects, and then there are artists who alter the way we move through the world. Tim Prentice belonged to the latter. The kinetic sculptor, architect and longtime Cornwall resident died in November 2025 at age 95, leaving a legacy of what he called “toys for the wind,” work that did not simply occupy space but activated it, inviting viewers to slow down, look longer and feel more deeply the invisible forces that shape daily life.

Prentice received a master’s degree from the Yale School of Art and Architecture in 1960, where he studied with German-born American artist and educator Josef Albers, taking his course once as an undergraduate and again in graduate school.In “The Air Made Visible,” a 2024 short film by the Vision & Art Project produced by the American Macular Degeneration Fund, a nonprofit organization that documents artists working with vision loss, Prentice spoke of his admiration for Albers’ discipline and his ability to strip away everything but color. He recalled thinking, “If I could do that same thing with motion, I’d have a chance of finding a new form.”

Keep ReadingShow less
Laurie Fendrich and Peter Plagens:
A shared 
life in art 
and love

Laurie Fendrich and Peter Plagens at home in front of one of Plagens’s paintings.

Natalia Zukerman
He taught me jazz, I taught him Mozart.
Laurie Fendrich

For more than four decades, artists Laurie Fendrich and Peter Plagens have built a life together sustained by a shared devotion to painting, writing, teaching, looking, and endless talking about art, about culture, about the world. Their story began in a critique room.

“I came to the Art Institute of Chicago as a visiting instructor doing critiques when Laurie was an MFA candidate,” Plagens recalled.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

Strategic partnership unites design, architecture and construction

Hyalite Builders is leading the structural rehabilitation of The Stissing Center in Pine Plains.

Provided

For homeowners overwhelmed by juggling designers, architects and contractors, a new Salisbury-based collaboration is offering a one-team approach from concept to construction. Casa Marcelo Interior Design Studio, based in Salisbury, has joined forces with Charles Matz Architect, led by Charles Matz, AIA RIBA, and Hyalite Builders, led by Matt Soleau. The alliance introduces an integrated design-build model that aims to streamline the sometimes-fragmented process of home renovation and new construction.

“The whole thing is based on integrated services,” said Marcelo, founder of Casa Marcelo. “Normally when clients come to us, they are coming to us for design. But there’s also some architecture and construction that needs to happen eventually. So, I thought, why don’t we just partner with people that we know we can work well with together?”

Keep ReadingShow less
‘The Dark’ turns midwinter into a weeklong arts celebration

Autumn Knight will perform as part of PS21’s “The Dark.”

Provided

This February, PS21: Center for Contemporary Performance in Chatham, New York, will transform the depths of midwinter into a radiant week of cutting-edge art, music, dance, theater and performance with its inaugural winter festival, The Dark. Running Feb. 16–22, the ambitious festival features more than 60 international artists and over 80 performances, making it one of the most expansive cultural events in the region.

Curated to explore winter as a season of extremes — community and solitude, fire and ice, darkness and light — The Dark will take place not only at PS21’s sprawling campus in Chatham, but in theaters, restaurants, libraries, saunas and outdoor spaces across Columbia County. Attendees can warm up between performances with complimentary sauna sessions, glide across a seasonal ice-skating rink or gather around nightly bonfires, making the festival as much a social winter experience as an artistic one.

Keep ReadingShow less
Tanglewood Learning Institute expands year-round programming

Exterior of the Linde Center for Music and Learning.

Mike Meija, courtesy of the BSO

The Tanglewood Learning Institute (TLI), based at Tanglewood, the legendary summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, is celebrating an expanded season of adventurous music and arts education programming, featuring star performers across genres, BSO musicians, and local collaborators.

Launched in the summer of 2019 in conjunction with the opening of the Linde Center for Music and Learning on the Tanglewood campus, TLI now fulfills its founding mission to welcome audiences year-round. The season includes a new jazz series, solo and chamber recitals, a film series, family programs, open rehearsals and master classes led by world-renowned musicians.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.