A nation is born: dispatch from the Southern Sudan

It’s not often that a new nation is founded as the result of a well-supported, peaceful and legal vote. Rarer still is having such an outcome after a protracted civil war.

As anyone who keeps track of international news knows, however, the people of Southern Sudan recently voted in a historic referendum on self-determination. The referendum was guaranteed by the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended a 22-year civil war between north and south Sudan. A new and unusual nonprofit organization named Independent Diplomat has helped the Government of the Southern Sudan (GoSS) with its international diplomacy since 2009.

Independent Diplomat (ID) was founded on the belief that lasting peace and stability can only be achieved when those most affected by conflict can actively participate in the diplomatic discussion to resolve it. ID’s role has been to help GoSS persuade the international community to support the holding of the referendum, as well as to respect its outcome. The results of the vote overwhelmingly favor separation. Now that the results are announced, ID will continue to assist GoSS with its preparations for independence as the newest country in the world.

ID’s representative, Philip Winter, who is based in Juba, posted the following report from Southern Sudan.

u u u

Three months ago, the politicians, diplomats, observers, analysts and aid workers who form opinion in the international community were worried about the referendum in Southern Sudan. The ballot papers had not been printed; the logistics of reaching all the polling stations in the remotest parts of Southern Sudan had not been figured out; there was a risk of legal challenges to the operation because the timetable had not been fully observed; there was loose talk of violence at the polling stations; and some wondered how a referendum could even be held in the absence of agreement on issues such as borders, debts and oil revenue.

These fears all proved groundless. The determination of those driving the process had been underestimated. An army of observers has now proclaimed the voting to be credible, fair and a true reflection of the will of the 3.9 million Southern Sudanese who registered to vote. Nearly 90 percent of those who registered cast their votes, and about 98 percent of them appear to have chosen secession over unity with the north. The excitement in the south has been palpable and moving to watch.

At the conclusion of the voting, Joseph Lagu, former vice-president of Sudan and leader of the Anyanya guerrillas who fought the first civil war, made a strong and historically significant speech. Of his “brothers in the north,” he said: “When they come to their senses, we will welcome them back.” To have a southern leader say that about the dominant part of the country, which had for two generations marginalized and fought with the other parts, was a revelation of how the dynamics of power in Sudan are quickly changing. The referendum is the first step in the remaking of the whole of Sudan, a project hitherto mired in violence and failure.

What’s next? As with the referendum, it is possible to recite a list of obstacles that could fatally damage the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement: failure to hold a smaller referendum on the future of Abyei; failure to reach agreement on security, the demarcation of the north-south border, the sharing of oil revenues, the allocation of debts and assets; citizenship; the future status of Southern Kordofan and Southern Blue Nile and so on.

But the first step after the referendum has already been taken, from a perhaps surprising quarter: the African Union. The African Union’s (AU) current president, Bingu wa Mutharika, the president of Malawi, has just been to Juba to announce that the AU will be the first to recognize the new state, Africa’s 54th. This very public welcoming of the result and the new nation by the AU will give a lead to all other nations to recognize it as well.

There will no doubt be objections, concerns and delays, but the die is cast and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement will come to an end on July 9 with a declaration of independence. It is safe to predict that, barring the totally unforeseen, the new nation will be recognized and will soon join the United Nations, the African Union and the East African Community.

Nonetheless, the difficulties of resolving the post-referendum issues are considerable and the risk of violence at the borders or in the oil fields are appreciable. The challenge for Independent Diplomat in this fast-changing political landscape is to help the GoSS leadership steer the new government through the labyrinth of post-referendum issues and the diplomacy of international recognition.

In the midst of all this serious analysis, of course, new citizens and onlookers are also preparing for a serious party on July 9!

 

This column was provided by Whitney Ellsworth, who is both the chairman of the board of Independent Diplomat and managing partner of the Lakeville Journal Company, LLC.

Latest News

A new life for Barrington Hall

A new life for Barrington Hall

Dan Baker, left, and Daniel Latzman at Barrington Hall in Great Barrington.

Provided

Barrington Hall in Great Barrington has hosted generations of weddings, proms and community gatherings. When Dan Baker and Daniel Latzman took over the venue last summer, they stepped into that history with a plan not just to preserve it, but to reshape how the space serves the community today.

Barrington Hall is designed for gathering, for shared experience, for the simple act of being together. At a time when connection is often filtered through screens and distraction, their vision is grounded in something simple and increasingly rare: real human connection.

Keep ReadingShow less

Gail Rothschild’s threads of time

Gail Rothschild’s threads of time

Gail Rothschild with her painting “Dead Sea Linen III (73 x 58 inches, 2024, acrylic on canvas.

Natalia Zukerman

There is a moment, looking at a painting by Gail Rothschild, when you realize you are not looking at a painting so much as a map of time. Threads become brushstrokes; fragments become fields of color; something once held in the hand becomes something you stand in front of, both still and in a constant process of changing.

“Textiles connect people,” Rothschild said. “Textiles are something that we’re all intimately involved with, but we take it for granted.”

Keep ReadingShow less

Sherman Players celebrate a century of community theater

Sherman Players celebrate a century of community theater

Cast of “Laughter on the 23rd Floor” from left to right. Tara Vega, Steve Zerilli, Bob Cady (Standing) Seated at the table: Andrew Blanchard, Jon Barker, Colin McLoone, Chris Bird, Rebecca Annalise, Adam Battlestein

Provided

For a century, the Sherman Players have turned a former 19th-century church into a stage where neighbors become castmates, volunteers power productions and community is the main attraction. The company marks its 100th season with a lineup that blends classic works, new writing and homegrown talent.

New England has a long history of community theater and its role in strengthening civic life. The Sherman Players remain a vital example, mounting intimate, noncommercial productions that draw on local participation and speak to the current cultural moment.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

Reimagining opera for a new generation

Reimagining opera for a new generation

Stage director Geoffrey Larson signs autographs for some of the kids after a family performance.

Provided

For those curious about opera but unsure where to begin, the Mahaiwe Theater in Great Barrington will offer an accessible entry point with “Once Upon an Opera,” a free, family-friendly program on Sunday, April 12, at 2 p.m. The event is designed for opera newcomers and aficionados alike and will include selections from some of opera’s most beloved works.

Luca Antonucci, artistic coordinator, assistant conductor and chorus master for the Berkshire Opera Festival, said the idea first materialized three years ago.

Keep ReadingShow less
BSO charts future amid leadership transition and financial strain

Aerial view of The Shed at Tanglewood in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Provided

The Boston Symphony Orchestra is outlining its path forward following the announcement that music director Andris Nelsons will step down after the 2027 Tanglewood season, closing a 13-year tenure.

In a letter to supporters, the BSO’s Board of Trustees acknowledged that the news has been difficult for many in its community, while emphasizing gratitude for Nelsons’ leadership and plans to celebrate his final season.

Keep ReadingShow less
A tradition of lamb for Easter and Passover

Roasted lamb

Provided

Preparing lamb for the observance of Easter is a long-standing tradition in many cultures, symbolizing new life and purity. For Christians, Easter marks the end of Lenten fasting, allowing for a celebratory feast. A popular choice is roast lamb, often prepared with rosemary, garlic or lemon. It is traditional to serve mint sauce or mint jelly at the table.

The Hebrew Bible suggests that the last plague God inflicted on the Egyptians, to secure the Israelites’ release from slavery, was to kill the firstborn son in every Egyptian home. To differentiate the Israelites from the Egyptians, God instructed them to mark their doorposts with the blood of a lamb. Today, Jews, Christians and Muslims generally believe that God would have known who was Israelite and who was Egyptian without such a sign, but views of God’s omnipotence in the Abrahamic faiths have evolved over the millennia.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.