The Salmon Kill has much to thrill (especially for trout)

 FALLS VILLAGE — In early 2012, Trout Unlimited began efforts to restore the Salmon Kill, a local creek that runs from Mount Riga into the Housatonic River. 

 Headed by Tracy Brown, the project focuses on improving habitat in the Salmon Kill watershed so that it is appropriate for the brook trout, one of only two trout originally native to Connecticut. The goal is to reduce water temperatures and overall pollution in the creek through the use of many natural management tools.

 Last November, the Housatonic Fisheries and Wildlife class at Housatonic Valley Regional High School aided in the planting of one of these tools, adding more than a hundred native plants to the banks of the Salmon Kill at Whippoorwill Farm in Salisbury, and creating a riparian zone. 

 Also known as a buffer zone, these areas of vegetation are located between a water body and land, in an attempt to decrease erosion, runoff and direct sunlight. The zone essentially acts as both a filter and an anchor. Roots help keep the bank in place while reducing the amount of contaminants that reach the water.

 Chris Foley, a sophomore in the Fisheries and Wildlife class, said he liked the project “because we were getting involved with the community and helping out the environment.”

 Erosion frequently causes sedimentation which, according to a study conducted by the USDA Forest Service, reduces the survival rate of eggs and juvenile brook trout.

 Runoff has always been a foremost concern regarding stream health. In summer, asphalt can  reach temperatures above 120 degrees, causing spikes in nearby water bodies. The majority of aquatic organisms cannot overcome this, especially the brook trout, who prefer cooler temperatures (between 55 and 65 degrees). 

 Pollutants that are on the roads also get swept in with the runoff from rain and can contaminate the water.

 Over the last decade, a primary tree in the United States associated with providing shade and reducing runoff has been under siege. The eastern hemlock, or Tsuga canadensis, is being attacked by an invasive insect called the wooly adelgid. These destructive pests (native to Asia) have moved into New England as a result of climate change. They are killing the hemlocks.

 Trout Unlimited is using “rapid bioassessments” such as the Biotic Index to discover which areas of the watershed are the most in need of restoration. For example, macroinvertebrates are collected at different sites. The presence of  stoneflies, mayflies and caddisflies, for example, shows that the water is clean.

 Brown, who is Trout Unlimited’s northeastern restoration coordinator, said, “Our work in northwest Connecticut will continue Trout Unlimited’s concentrated efforts to preserve critical brook trout habitat and populations in the northeast, a strong hold for our native trout.” 

 The organization’s goal “is to understand the threats to trout habitat and populations in the Salmon Kill watershed and work with the landowners and the local community to identify and prioritize sites for restoration work.” 

 Mari Cullerton is this year’s FFA student reporter at Housatonic Valley Regional High School.

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