Truth, drugs and sports: Is this the end of the steroid era?

Part 1 of 2

The beauty of what athletes do lies in the speed, strength and superior power of their practiced movements. These apply to both male and female athletes and cut across a wide spectrum of spectator sports. These are also exactly the qualities affected by anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs, the bane of modern sports.

With the downfall of Alex Rodriguez, one of baseball’s brightest superstars, a guy with Lou Gehrig-type career numbers, one begins to wonder how pervasive — and how far back — this performance-enhancing business goes. And if the harm can ever be undone.

It has been well-known since the 1930s that steroids increase muscle mass, especially of the upper body — the shoulder, upper arm and trapezius. What is not fully known is to what extent the great athletic achievements of the past 50 years or so, when steroids became widely available, have been tainted by the heretofore hidden use of these drugs. Or to what extent sports other than baseball, where drug-testing is relatively rigorous, have been corrupted by these drugs.

The history of modern sports has to be rewritten.

We know that PEDs (Performance Enhancing Drugs) can increase swing speed, particularly as the bat moves through the zone, in the hands of a trained player — a small increase, to be sure, but highly significant at the moment of impact, the difference between, say, a long fly out and a homer. But do such drugs affect the inertial dynamics of tennis, golf, boxing, cycling, sprinting, swimming and mixed martial arts? Of course they do. And their surreptitious use in a variety of sports goes way back, at least to the 1960s.

How many skinny, lightning-fast Olympic boxers suddenly put on 10 to 30 pounds of hard muscle at the outset of their pro careers — and went from dazzling the judges with their speed and boxing ability to flattening hapless opponents with a single punch? How many baseline-hugging women tennis prodigies transformed themselves into grunting, hypertrophic serve-and-volley monsters through the use of drugs? How many talented golfers went from being also-rans with a strong short game to lashing 7-irons (mashie niblicks!) 200 yards?

There has to be a lot of big names in there — secret users — bigger than you can imagine.

Everyone with common sense has known for some time that something is wrong. Not natural. Inauthentic. You know it when every wide receiver in pro football seems to have biceps the size of bowling balls and triceps cut like two-by-fours. When nearly every linemen in the NFL weighs more than 300 pounds (not to mention college linemen) with the speed and agility of a Ford F-150, which is downright scary. When the radar guns for most of the fastballs you see on TV top 90 mph. When the one-time top pound-for-pound prizefighters in the world, Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao, were unable to reach agreement, for years, on a boxing showdown because the two camps could not settle on what kind of drug-testing would be required by contract.

Make no mistake, use of performance-enhancing drugs is a form of cheating, like using marked cards to play a game of poker with friends or engaging in insider trading on Wall Street. It is hard to know, when you are watching sports, which players are actually great and which are just good talents who through clandestine biochemistry have somehow ascended to greatness. Everything has changed. And the changes have largely been invisible to the spectator’s eye.

The soul of sports is fairness. It is the one arena of life where we expect totally objective, measurable standards to be applied on a proverbial “level playing field,” where talent and determination will win out. The task for sports governing bodies, journalists, and, above all, the players themselves is not as daunting as it may seem, because the A-Rod mess could actually turn out to be the catalyst for change.

Part 2 next time.

 Woody Hochswender, a former reporter for the New York Times, has written about sports for numerous publications. He lives in Sharon.

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