Dancers, Drunks and Women By Two Masters

    Great exhibitions show us things about an artist that we have never known before. Certainly the Clark Art Institute’s current “Picasso Views Degas†is a revelation.  

   Who knew that Picasso kept coming back throughout his life to look at Degas or that at his death he owned a treasured photograph of the older artist?

   When Picasso came to live in Paris in 1903, he began painting street and cafe scenes, subjects Degas had long since given up. But where elegance of line and patrician detachment characterize the  Degas pictures, Picasso’s are bolder, blunter, more personal.

    Look at Degas’ then notorious “In a Cafe (L’Absinthe)†(1875) hanging next to Picasso’s “Portrait of Sebastian Juner Vidal,†(1903).  Degas shows two of his friends posing as drunks, looking askance, as if unaware of the observer. Picasso’s subjects stare directly at us with dark, dead eyes in a heavily blue and black palette.  

   These are real drunks, and Picasso knows them well.

   Degas was both well educated and well to do, and while he could sympathize with the lives of other, often ordinary people, he could never cross the line from observing them to identifying with them.  This detachment kept his pictures from becoming sentimental.  Picasso, poor and struggling, identified with working people because he was one of them.  His early work is full of impassioned sentimentality, even self-pity.

    Just stand in front of two paintings of women ironing. Degas’s bending figure shows some of the strain of this pre-electricity hard work. A perfectly finished shirt lies on the ironing table, while she begins work on a mass of rumpled cloth.  

   This suggestion of realism isn’t enough for Picasso. His ironing woman is gaunt, angular, a sorrowful icon of the working class.

   Of course there are some ravishing Degas dance pictures hanging by much lesser, but charming, Picasso drawings of the same subjects.  (He was living with a ballerina by 1916 and designing costumes and sets for the Ballets Russes.) And there are several great Degas pictures of women bathing or wringing out and brushing their hair compared with Picasso’s depictions of the same acts.  

   Degas’s “Combing the Hair†(La Coiffure) is a spectacular, near abstract riot of drenched reds, oranges, reds. Picasso’s “Nude Wringing Her Hair†makes the subject new again.

   Then there are the sculptures, which truly amaze because both menwere untrained and self-taught as sculptors. None of Degas’ pieces were ever shown in his lifetime nor were they cast in bronze until after his death.  Picasso’s were mostly done in wax and cement or concrete and not cast in bronze until late in his life. Both men considered their sculptures private, almost household objects that traveled with them when they moved house or studio.

   Most provocative are side-by-side figures of pregnant women. The Degas is refined, slightly introspective as she looks down at her hands clasped across her barely protruding belly.  

   The Picasso is bigger, bolder, in your face. Her breasts are made of two real milk jugs and her belly of a ceramic pot.

She stares out proudly and determinedly at a probably disapproving world.

     “Picasso Views Degas†continues at the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, MA, through Sept. 12.

   The galleries are open Tuesday through Sunday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.  In July and August they are open the same hours on Mondays as well.

   Admission is $15 until Oct. 31.

    Call 413-458-2303 or go to www.clarkart.edu.

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