Thank you!
Your support is sustaining the future of local news in our communities.

The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations: Progress has been made on Ebola and other diseases

Part 1 of 2

 

In 2014 and 2015, Ebola virus infection killed 8,698 people in Sierra Leone, 3,337 in Guinea and 3,955 in Liberia. There were survivors, but the death rate was very high, and the threat of a new epidemic lingers. 

A traveler from west Africa brought the disease to Dallas, where a struggle to save him failed and accidentally infected two nurses. Both were moved to the National Institutes of Health and survived. 

With the appearance of more cases in the United States and Europe, the press and the Congress achieved near hysteria; Dr. Anthony Fauci of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and Dr. Tom Frieden of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were falsely accused of running failing agencies by members of Congress, of all ironies.

The West African Ebola epidemic was the largest on record. The response of the World Health Organization and other agencies was slow, allowing the disease to spread into urban areas. Many groups, including Médecins sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders), were heroic, but absent a vaccine or an effective drug, all they could provide was basic medicine and apply public health measures such as quarantine and isolation.

The NIH, The Canadian Health Service, Merck and other organizations had potential vaccines, which had been successfully tested in macaques for protection against infection and in humans for immune responses, but none had been approved by the beginning of the epidemic. This column covered these vaccines at the time. See: /category/opinion-author/body-scientific. 

These vaccine viruses have one carefully chosen gene from Ebola virus, and the rest of the virus has genetic material from another well-studied and harmless virus called VSV. The Ebola gene comes from the Zaire strain of Ebola Virus (ZEBOV). The hybrid virus, rVSV-ZEBOV, is a bit of Rube-Goldberg entity and grows just enough when injected into a muscle to provoke an immune response to Ebola virus. These antibodies protect macaques from subsequent infection. There is also a T-cell response, which the body uses to destroy cells in which the Ebola virus is made. The vaccine induces antibodies and T-cells in humans as well, but it would be unethical to infect humans with Ebola virus.

The affected countries and the World Health Organization were not prepared for the 2014–2015 epidemic. There was no agreement on which of several candidate vaccines should be used or how resources would be mobilized or financed for a new epidemic. There had not been enough coordination with local governments. Medical personnel did not understand that people in west Africa might reject their efforts to isolate them from sick or dead relatives. Critically, there was no consensus on the design of a clinical trial for the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine.

A review in Science magazine on July 14, 2017, by Drs. Marc Lipsitch and Nir Eyal of the Harvard School of Public Health summarizes thinking since the 2014–2015 epidemic. Their message is that all planning for an outbreak of Ebola or any other infectious agent must be done in advance. Planning includes preparation of vaccines and testing them in primates and then in healthy human volunteers. Logistics for personnel, equipment and medications must be ready, so that an epidemic can be tackled early, when it will do the most good and there are many people to participate in clinical trials.

In response to the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic response, The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI, pronounced “seppy”) was formed in January of 2017. The CEPI website states: “CEPI is a new alliance between governments, industry, academia, philanthropy, intergovernmental institutions, such as the World Health Organization, and civil society.

“We exist to finance and coordinate the development of new vaccines to prevent and contain infectious disease epidemics. As epidemics disproportionately affect low-income countries, CEPI will ensure that the vaccines we help to develop are affordable, so that price is never a barrier to access, and they are available to populations with the most need.”

CEPI’s founding members were the governments of Norway, Germany, Japan and India; The Wellcome Trust in the UK; The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; The World Economic Forum and The European Union. Angela Merkel and Bill Gates chaired the opening meeting. 

For Ebola, many problems remain, including the design of clinical trials. Drs. Lipsitch and Eyal point out, with admirable understatement, that: “excellent trial design is a subtle and complex art.” 

At the end of the last epidemic, as the number of cases was waning, a small clinical trial of the recombinant virus vaccine took place. The trial was named Ebola, Ça suffit! (Ebola, that’s enough!). What went into that clinical trial, the ethical problems it presented and the results will be the subject of the next column.

Richard Kessin is Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology Emeritus at Columbia University. He lives in Norfolk and can be reached at Richard.Kessin@gmail.com for original data or other matters. 

Latest News

Fallen tree downs power lines, blocks Route 112

Eversource crews work to repair damaged power lines after a tree fell near onto Route 112 just north of the Interlaken Inn on Monday, June 22.

Photo by Nathan Miller

LAKEVILLE — A tree fell on Route 112 Monday, June 22, downing power lines and blocking traffic north of Route 41 near the Hotchkiss Four Corners.

Eversource crews on scene at 4:45 p.m. said power lines were being repaired and utility service had been restored to customers in the area.

Keep ReadingShow less

Francis Lynehan

Francis Lynehan

DOVER PLAINS — Francis “Butch” Lynehan, 75, a twenty-year resident of Dover Plains, New York, formerly of Sharon, passed away unexpectedly on Thursday, May 7, 2026 at Vassar Bros. Medical Center in Poughkeepsie, New York.

Born Aug. 29, 1950, in Sharon, he was the son of the late William W. and Nellie (Kluun) Lynehan.

Keep ReadingShow less

Richard McGriff

Richard McGriff

TACONIC — Richard McGriff died unexpectedly on May 16, 2026. This is a collection of loving reminiscences.

With a smile like that and a laugh like that and a soul like that, how could you not love him? Macey Levin and Gloria Miller

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

Juneteenth graduation celebrates Berkshire’s next generation of leaders

Cohort 2026 members Abigail Horace, Adam Liccardi, Adrian Lynch, Cameo Brown, Chauncey Dozier, Claudette Grant, Erline Saintilet, Harmony Edwards, Kamayue Gomes, Mackenzie Colvin, Otis West, Shadre Domingo, TJ West and Tyeesha Keele-Kedroe and Blackshires’ leadership team John Lewis, Patrick Danahey, Dubois Thomas and Julie Haagenson gather at the Blackshires City Hall Fishbowl alongside Mayor Peter Marchetti and city officials Michael Obasohan, Brandon Gill, Katherine VanBramer, Heather Brazeau, Justine Dodds and Jesse Tobin McCauley.

Provided

When designer Abigail Horace joined the Blackshires Leadership Accelerator, she was looking for support for her business, Casa Marcelo, which was founded in Salisbury in 2019. Through the Accelerator, she created the Black Berkshires Social Club, which creates culturally grounded social spaces for Black and BIPOC residents in the region. Throughout her experience, Horace found a community of peers invested in one another’s success.

“Finding Blackshires has been transformative,” Horace said. “Being a BIPOC founder in this region can feel isolating, and this community has changed that. They see my work, champion my business and have opened doors I couldn’t have opened alone.”

Keep ReadingShow less
Forged by curiosity: Art, craftsmanship and big fun with Izzy Fitch

Izzy Fitch at Battle Hill Forge in Wassaic.

Madi Long
I’m not really inventing anything new. I just tweak it a little bit.— Izzy Fitch

A steel praying mantis stands among garden accents at Battle Hill Forge in Wassaic, its folded forelegs ready for prayer and mischief in equal measure.

“She’s very nice,” said blacksmith, sculptor and Battle Hill Forge owner Izzy Fitch, patting the giant insect affectionately. Then he added, “Just don’t go out to dinner with her.”

Keep ReadingShow less
Unexpected subjects, familiar beauty in new Kent exhibits
Millerton-based artist Alexis England with her flamingo and mandrill portraits at Peggy Mercury in Kent.
D.H. Callahan

Kent Barns was alive with art on Saturday, June 13, as three new shows opened at Peggy Mercury and Kenise Barnes Fine Art, featuring a variety of fascinating paintings and drawings from four local artists.

Peggy Mercury, which in just two years has earned a reputation for curating remarkable collections of fine beauty products and accessories, continues to find exciting art to complement its offerings. The new show, “Portraits,” features four pairs of paintings by Millerton-based artist Alexis England. The “portraits” she paints, however, feature some pretty unexpected sitters.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.