Human rights and hunger for Church World Services

LIME ROCK — Bert Marshall, area director for Church World Services (CWS, which sponsors the yearly CROP Walk) described a recent Church World Services trip to a summer camp in Gardiner, Maine.The group decided to do a “Third World Cafe” (or “hunger banquet”), where each participant is given one dollar to spend for a meal, to dramatize the difficulties faced by poor people.The participating children were in grades four through six. Marshall said one of the sixth-graders hit on an idea.“He said, ‘We pooled our money and shared it.’ If you’re looking for a short, concise way to describe CWS, that’s it.”Marshall was speaking to a CWS regional meeting at Trinity Lime Rock Episcopal Church Saturday, March 8.There were participants from local churches and from farther afield: Dutchess County, N.Y.; Bridgeport, Stonington, Guilford and Madison, Conn.; and Springfield, Mass.Steve Weaver, Middle East regional coordinator for CWS, was the headliner. He began by giving the political context and explaining how the areas occupied by Israel in the West Bank and Gaza are divided into a crazy quilt of zones, each with different restrictions on movement for Palestinians.“There is a matrix of closed areas, with restricted roads. It makes movement difficult.”He said that in the water-scarce region, the bulk of available water is controlled by Israel, per the 1994 Oslo agreement.Water supply problemsHe was careful not to take sides. Rather, he concentrated on the practical problems of water supply. Weaver said that Palestinians in the West Bank get by with between 10 to 150 liters of water per pay, per person. By comparison, the average in Israel proper is 300 liters. The World Health Organization’s minimum standard is 100 liters.Weaver said that in some parts of the West Bank, Palestinians have less water than people in refugee camps.And with continued projected population growth and over-extraction of the existing aquifers, the question of water supplies will continue to be a major issue.“In short, it’s difficult to do long-term, sustainable development.”In the West Bank, Palestinians have had springs and wells effectively confiscated and water infrastructure destroyed during fighting, Weaver said.Some farmers find themselves in the position of living in one zone and owning fields in another, and the Israeli authorities control the farmers’ movements.Weaver said that CWS does not have an office in the Middle East, but works with other groups. From 2004-09, working with the International Christian Committee, 256 water cisterns were contructed or rehabilitated in the occupied areas.The cisterns collect captured rainwater. Many have fallen into disuse during the years of upheaval.The residents provide the labor, and the process is inclusive, Weaver said. “These aren’t just technical interventions.”ICC/CWS representatives speak with village councils first, and the councils handle the applications. Everyone meets to decide where the cisterns should go, and residents often provide the labor.In 2010, Weaver continued, the decision was made to focus on building or upgrading water infrastructure in some 35 communities, with 10 percent of the population of the West Bank, who were relying on rainwater and water brought in by truck.In Bala village, with 9,500 people, ICC/CWS replaced a water pump. In Beit Ummar, the group replaced 10 percent of the municipal water network, laying 3.5 km of 3 inch pipe. (The old pipes were responsible for water losses of up to 35 percent.)And in the village of Burkin, 2,880 meters of pipe brought water to 113 homes.Weaver is also the acting coordinator for the U.S. branch of the Ecumenical Accompaniment Program for Palestine and Israel (EAPPI-US). “It’s a mouthful,” Weaver acknowledged.Keeping a neutral eyeEAPPI brings volunteers to the West Bank “to experience life under occupation” and to act as neutral eyes and ears during Israeli-Palestinian encounters.The volunteers, easily identifable in their tan vests, stay for three months in one of seven locations: two postings in Jerusalem and one each in Bethlehem, Jayyous, Yanoun, Hebron and the south Hebron hills.Weaver said that in the case of Yanoun, in the central part of the West Bank region and near an Israeli settlement, the Palestinian villagers left in the early 2000s and only returned when the international observers arrived.The villagers complained of harassment by the settlers, and believed that if the observers leave, the harassment will start again.In Hebron, EAPPI volunteers walk children to school. In Bethlehem, they monitor Israeli checkpoints, and in Jayyous, one of the places where a Palestinian farmer might have fields on the wrong side of an Israeli line, they keep an eye on the issuing of permits allowing farmers to move between zones.“EAPPI is politically neutral,” Weaver said, “but not on human rights” — including land rights.He was asked if EAPPI monitors ever work with Israelis. “It wouldn’t be allowed,” Weaver said.He added that violence between Israeli settlers and Palestinians isn’t a one-way proposition. “That’s not to say there aren’t attacks on settlers.”And to drive home the point, the ecumenical accompaniers spend one week of their tour in Israeli villages that have been shelled by artillery in Gaza.Weaver was asked if Palestinian Christians and Muslims get along. Weaver said yes, for the most part. He said that Christians make up less than 5 percent of the population and tend to be wealthier, better educated and more likely to emigrate.“Its a tough place to think about your kids having a future.”Weaver said that about two thirds of the EAs are women, between the ages of 25 and 70.He said the challenge “is living with men in their mid-20s from other cultures.”The EAPPI approach is to provide a “protective presence.”“We don’t intervene. You won’t see an EA chained to a bulldozer.”He said the EAs “provide a calming effect,” one acknowledged by Israeli soldiers, who quietly express their thanks for helping to defuse potentially dangerous situations.Endless problem of refugeesWeaver (who had a taxi waiting to take him to the airport), gave a quick overview of the problems in Syria, where there is “no long-term program” for dealing with the millions of refugees displaced by fighting between the Assad government and various rebel factions.Weaver said an astonishing 40 percent of Syrians “no longer live at home.” Of a population of about 21.4 million, 9.3 million are “in need”; 8.5 million are displaced; and about 2.4 million (2 million in the last year) are refugees; 612,000 Syrians have fled to Turkey; 935,000 to Lebanon; 222,000 to Iraq.“One in five people in lebanon is a Syrian refugee.”Syrians have also gone to Jordan and Egypt.“It’s a human crisis, a tragedy. And there is no indication it will play out soon.”CWS has sent over $1 million worth of direct aid, in the form of baby kits, school kits, hunger kits and cash.The options for refugees are limited. They can return to their home countries, if that’s possible. (It often isn’t.)Refugees can remain in the country of first asylum. This is not always practical, either, especially in a small country such as Lebanon.And a small percentage, at best 1 percent, emigrate and resettle somewhere else.CWS is working with St. Andrew’s United Church in Cairo, Egypt, with 3,600 refugees in a program started in September 2013.StARS (St. Andrew’s Refugee Services) provides education, resettlement aid and psycho-social services.Weaver said refugees in Egypt are not always in camps; many make their way to Cairo, where they find out the government does not have a lot of interest in them.The StARS school serves 250 children in 11 grades. Some StARS graduates have gone on to college, one in the U.S.StARS also has 1,200 enrollees in adult education classes — English language, technical classes and job training.Some 500 adults receive counseling on matters ranging from mental health to housing, and StARS provides legal assistance to 400 refugees.The legal aid is necessary because the desperate refugees often take domestic service positions with abusive employers, who may or may not pay them, or who fire them arbitrarily.“They are vulnerable, and they have no legal recourse.”

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