Three Renowned American Artists and Their Teachers in Rockwell Exhibit

For the last decade, award winning illustrator Dennis Nolan has  immersed himself into proving that the artistic lineage that produced the Golden Age of Illustration may be traced back 500 years to the Renaissance.   What began as a slide lecture comically titled, “From Rock Wall to Rockwell,” Nolan says, “I  spun a tale about Norman Rockwell’s artistic roots, I linked him and his teachers to a centuries-old tradition of narrative painting and art instruction.” As he looked more closely he discovered it was true.  

Stephanie Plunkett, Deputy Director of The Norman Rockwell Museum asked Mr. Nolan if he thought he could assemble an exhibition of work of the three most renowned artists of the Golden Age­ — Parrish, N.C. Wyeth and Rockwell — and parallel their paintings and drawings with a line of teachers who came before them.  After a decade of  research and close collaboration with the Rockwell curatorial staff,  Mr. Nolan’s thoughtfully executed exhibition,  “Keepers of the Flame: Parrish, Wyeth, Rockwell and the Narrative Tradition,” came to fruition.  A stunningly beautiful show of 72 extraordinary paintings and drawings spanning over 500 years and  occupying four galleries. 

The first gallery is devoted to Maxfield Parrish and his predecessors. One is immediately drawn toward Parrish’s “Lantern Bearers,” 1908, seven Pierrot figures positioned on stairs in twilight holding luminous lanterns.  Glowing yellows and blues dominate the painting.  Crystal Bridges Museum purchased the painting in  2006 for $4.2 million (worth substantially more today)  “Lantern Bearers,” is a significant loan and testimony of the respect for the scholarship of the exhibition. Parrish’s “Enchantment (Cinderella)”, 1914, painted as a cover for Harper’s Bazaar Magazine, captures a dreamy, seductive Cinderella resting against a neoclassical staircase in the glow of moonlight.  Parrish’s characteristic technique of layering and glazing is best exemplified in these two paintings and the “Parrish Blue” he is known for illuminates the canvases.  In the gallery, paintings by Parrish’s teacher Thomas Anshutz and Anshutz’s teacher Thomas Eakins, and Eakin’s teacher Jean-Leon Gerome, all telling their stories in “…pictures that focus on the human figure using illusionistic techniques to create powerful narratives,” says Mr. Nolan.

The next gallery is dedicated to the work of N. C. Wyeth.  Unlike Parrish, who imagined magical, fairytale imagery, Wyeth drew from history.  He created pictures depicting the the American landscape, historical dress and architecture. “In the Crystal Depths,” 1906, a Native American canoes between stark rock cliffs, gazing at his own image reflected in the icy water. Wyeth’s technique drew from Howard Pyle’s style (who is generously represented in the show).  Painterly brush strokes, loose yet definitive color that resonates with nature, and psychological insight are found in both painters’ work.

“The Late Empire: Honorius,” 1880, by Jean-Paul Laurens, a  portrait of the Roman emperor Honorius at 8 years of age, is a 5 foot-tall spellbinding canvas.  (Wyeth’s teacher Eric Pape studied with Laurens.)  The painting is a flawless example of devices employed by narrative painting, such as the tension of gravity of the child’s feet dangling above the floor while he mimics the stoic pose of an emperor.  Lush, ornate gold paint, extravagantly applied, shows the wealth of the empire.  The portrait references history and foreshadows the future while capturing a moment in time. 

Norman Rockwell, the most famous of the three illustrators, dominates the third gallery.  For those who know his work, there are several mainstays, “Girl at Mirror,” 1954; “Heart’s Dearest Why do You Cry,”  1938, among them.  It is worth a trip to the museum just to see Rockwell’s “Shuffleton’s Barbershop,”  1950.  Given by Rockwell to the Berkshire Museum, and recently sold by Sotheby’s auction house to George Lucas, the painting is so emotionally tied to New England’s public identity that protesters came to Sotheby’s on the day of the sale with signs reading the likes of,  “Public Art is Not a Ca$h Cow.”  Looking at this  enigmatic painting, filled with emotional complexity and a vivid sense of place, one is transported into a scene quintessentially New England. You can hear the fiddle emanating from the back room; the pot belly stove radiates heat, floor boards creak.  

The final gallery space is the culmination of Mr. Nolan’s thesis. Explaining some of his curatorial choices, he says,  “Rockwell’s preparatory drawing is shown next to the work of his teacher Bridgman who is shown next to his teacher Gerome ...  which shows the continuation of drawing the figure based on correct anatomical structure and observable visual phenomena.”  A second wall compares and contrasts subject matter and pictorial devices.  On the wall devoted to preparatory drawings, two drawings of a hand by George Bridgman show muscle, motion, and the anatomical precision of the instrument that allowed man to evolve and tell stories in pictures.  Through viewing narrative art our own life experience may be verified, our imaginations enriched, and the imagery shared in stories we tell are the substance of our nocturnal dreams.  

So then, both the spectator and the artist are the true “Keepers of the Flame.”     

 

On view: June 9 - October 28, 2018, www.nrm.org

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