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This fireplace, located near the summit of Segar Mountain in Kent, incorporates a large boulder that would have been burdensome to place in the structure. Adjacent to a depression that may have been the base of a hut, the site would have had an expansive view over the landscape in the colliers’ day when the hills were largely deforested.
Alec Linden
KENT — Emery Park is experiencing a revival, with projects underway or soon to debut — including a renovated swimming pond, newly opened hiking trails, a public campground, and a mountain-top lookout tower — each promising to breathe new life into its open fields and rugged hillsides.
Long ago, the 200-acre parcel was home to a much tougher breed than today’s hikers and campers — the charcoal burners who once kept western Connecticut’s iron furnaces alive.
While Kent’s involvement in the iron industry is well chronicled, the traces of this specific site — its fireplaces, talus shelters, charcoal mounds, and old foundations — remained largely undiscovered until this fall.
In mid-September, Kent Parks and Recreation Director Matthew Busse invited Sarah Sportman, the state’s official archeologist, for a tour of the woods. After six hours tromping through the park’s steep, densely forested hillsides, the duo was confident that Emery Park would soon have another attraction to add to its growing resumé: archeological dig site.
“Just walking through, we realized this area was so vastly untapped,” Busse reported to the Parks and Recreation Commission during its Oct. 7 meeting.
Sportman agreed with Busse’s assessment: “Taken all together, it could be kind of a significant landscape related to early industry in the state.”
Sportman said that although the iron industry is a well-known part of the state’s history, it — alongside the charcoal burners, known as colliers, who fueled the iron production of the 18th and 19th centuries — remains an under researched topic in the state’s archeological record.
After visiting Emery Park, she said the site was promising for a number of reasons. “It’s preserved as a park, right? So there are a lot of cultural features there that have been untouched by any kind of development or interference, so they’re intact,” Sportman explained. “Charcoal mounds, remnant roads from the old industry — and then there are those fireplaces that are really interesting.”
Busse retraced a shorter version of his tour with Sportman. Trudging up the steep blue trail, known as the “Collier’s Climb” for its history as a roadway for coal burners lugging supplies and product up and down the mountain, Busse identified vestiges of a bygone way of life, some subtle and others more obvious.
He pointed out a pile of large stones in the woods: a fireplace he found himself this June despite being located only 20 feet off the trail. On the path’s border, he brushed away some leaves on a rounded bulge on the forest floor to reveal black, earthy soil stained by the centuries-old smoldering of a collier’s fire. “You can smell it,” he said as he rubbed the dirt between his fingers.
Busse said he’s aware of six fireplaces still standing on the property, as well as at least 32 charcoal mounds , where colliers would have kept long hours ensuring that the blaze, contained in a robust conical structure made of timber beams, stayed at a low burn and didn’t destroy the coal harvest. “It was a lonely, solemn job,” Busse said. “So kudos to them.”
The fireplaces range from vague piles of stones like the one off the blue trail to big, obvious oven-shaped structures made of huge round rocks. Many are located near or attached to an old building foundation. These may have been semi-permanent dwellings where colliers spent time during shifts up on the mountain.
Sportman said it’s likely many of the structures in the area are related, but it’s too early in the discovery process to make any certain connections. In any case, she said, the site clearly had an element of organization and intensive labor in its planning. Her next steps will be to figure out if and how it all worked together, using an array of archeological methods.
She and Busse are also planning on registering the hillside sites with the state, mapping the complex in greater detail, and maybe even digging some pits to look for clues that could help date some of the structures. Busse said he hopes to bring in volunteers from town in this next stage, maybe even incorporating an educational element for students at Kent Center School.
Busse said that it’s the unknown component of the discovery that excites him, and that he hopes will capture the curiosity of townsfolk as well. While showing a particularly well-preserved fireplace high on the summit of Segar Mountain, he gestured at the structure and said, “Not much is known…” — then he cut himself off.
“That phrase is thrown about here way too much,” he said with a grin. “It’s awesome!”
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From left, First Selectman Gordon Ridgway, Cornwall Historical Society curator Suzie Fateh and filmmaker Rick Moulton review maps of Cornwall during the time Ethan Allen lived there in the 1740s.
Riley Klein
CORNWALL — Documentarian Rick Moulton visited Pine Street Friday, Oct. 24, to learn more about the early life of Ethan Allen.
Moulton is working on a film for Vermont PBS titled “Ethan Allen: The Man and the Myth” that will be part of the Public Broadcasting Service’s recognition of the United States’ 250th birthday in 2026.
He met with Suzie Fateh, curator of the Cornwall Historical Society, and First Selectman Gordon Ridgway. The group reviewed early maps of town showing where the Allens lived in the 1740s.
“Ethan Allen was born in 1738” in present-day Southbury, said Fateh. “The family came up to Litchfield soon after that... and then two years later they’re in Cornwall.”
The family settled on a large plot near Cornwall Center on Town Street. “That was the center of town in the 1700s. There was a church there, the minister’s house and a two-story tavern,” said Fateh.
Allen’s father, Joseph, was on Cornwall’s first Board of Selectmen in 1740. “The fact he got elected right from the start of the town shows that he had to have some substance,” said Ridgway.

Allen grew up in Cornwall. Moulton said in his research he found Allen credited the nearby Native Americans as his hunting teachers.
As an adult, Allen became rebellious and reportedly caused some commotion in Salisbury.
“He was an agitator,” said Moulton. “He not only broke the formal religious rule against smallpox inoculation, he did it on the front steps of the church.”
“He was arrested for blasphemy,” said Ridgway.
Allen’s defiance shaped his later leadership. He ultimately moved north to Vermont, met with the Green Mountain Boys and famously took Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.
“We’ve found out he really had very little authorization from anybody to take the Fort Ticonderoga,” said Ridgway. “It wasn’t until the following year that the Continental Congress actually declared independence from Britain. So they were sort of, I would say, freelancing a little bit.”
When war began he joined a failed campaign to capture Montreal and was captured, spending two years as a British prisoner.
After his release he helped establish the Vermont Republic, which operated independently until joining the Union in 1791. Allen has been called the “Founding Father of Vermont.”
But, as Moulton pointed out, his story began in Cornwall.
Moulton said he expects his 57-minute film to air on PBS in early fall of 2026. A 90-minute director’s cut will be released for “limited theater engagement” on July 4.
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A steady stream of patrons kept bartender Ted Bremmer busy during a recent Saturday afternoon at Norbrook Farm Brewery in Colebrook.
Debra A. Aleksinas
Business owners in the Northwest Corner are preparing for another mandated wage hike as Connecticut’s minimum wage is set to increase to $16.94 an hour beginning Jan. 1, 2026, the latest adjustment under the state’s automatic cost-of-living formula.
The raise — up from the current $16.35 per hour — marks another step in Connecticut’s plan to link wage increases directly to inflation and employer labor-cost trends.
While workers facing rising housing costs and growing grocery costs applaud the wage hike, business owners across the region are bracing for extra pressure, especially in sectors where profit margins are already razor thin.“It certainly is a struggle,” said John Auclair, owner of Norbrook Farm Brewery in Colebrook. “It’s tough for us to pass those costs along because we are in a competitive industry.”
Auclair said while he supports fair wages, the cumulative impact of higher labor costs has forced him to make difficult business decisions.
“The solution? You cut back on hiring and do more yourself. Unfortunately, you can’t always give your customers the best service. We’ve had to do with fewer servers and fewer employees.”
Norbrook Farm Brewery currently employs about eight full-time workers and 25 part-time employees, many of whom are tipped staff, which allows the business to offset minimum wage rules in that category.
The rising cost of living
Labor advocates argue that raising the minimum wage is necessary given Connecticut’s high cost of living. According to the Economic Policy Institute, a living wage for a single adult with one child in Connecticut exceeds $36 per hour, well above the new minimum.
Chris Exum, a maintenance worker at McDonalds in Winsted for the past eight years, said minimum wage hikes make little impact due to soaring living expenses.
“Everything keeps going up also. Groceries are up, gas is up, rent. I am barely staying afloat, and rarely take time off,” Exum said.
Bottom-line pressure
Kendra Chapman, proprietor of The Black Rabbit Bar & Grille in Lakeville, said rising wages are adding to a difficult cost-environment.
“Every year it seems like it’s getting tougher,” she explained. “We’re losing money this year where we haven’t before. We were always able to bank and save money for the winter months.”
The impact also extends to nonprofits.
At the Housatonic Child Care Center in Salisbury, Director Tonya Roussis said the upcoming wage hike could further squeeze childcare providers already struggling to balance affordability for families with fair pay for teachers.
“We start at minimum wage, increasing on the first anniversary,” said Roussis. “To compensate, we add the cost to our annual budget and do more fundraising and writing grants.”
Currently, several of her eight full-time teachers earn between $17 and $18 hourly.
Ripple-effects of wage hikes
Economists say Connecticut’s continued wage hikes, though designed to keep pace with inflation, can trigger ripple-effects across the business landscape: higher payroll costs may lead to price increases, reduced hiring or shorter shifts for workers.
At just a hair under $17 an hour, the upcoming minimum wage hike has David Hall, Jr., owner of Hall’s Garage in West Cornwall “nervous about adding someone on” should his business undergo a slowdown.
“It’s gotten to the point where if somebody young and inexperienced wants to get their foot in the door, we can’t afford to pay them at that rate.”
Norbrook Farm’s Auclair said he understands the worker perspective but hopes policymakers recognize the pressure on small business owners competing in the marketplace.
Automatic adjustment system
Connecticut is one of only a handful of states that automatically adjusts its minimum wage each year, based on changes in the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment Cost Index (ECI), a measure of hourly employer labor-cost changes including wages and benefits.
The indexing approach was adopted by the legislature in 2019 to kick in after the minimum wage reached $15; the first indexed increase took effect in 2024. Under the policy, future increases will reflect the percentage change in the ECI for the 12-month period ended June 30 of the prior year. The 2026 increase to $16.94 corresponds to the latest ECI rise of about 3.6% over the period.
Supporters say the system provides predictability for both workers and employers while critics say it lacks flexibility for businesses in weaker economic cycles.
In making the wage hike announcement in early September, Gov. Ned Lamont (D) said the increase is necessary. “Nobody who works full-time should have to live in poverty. This is a fair, modest increase, and the money earned will go right back into our own economy, supporting local businesses in our communities.”
According to the Current Population Survey, as calculated by the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 60% of minimum wage earners in Connecticut are women and people of color.
Doing right by workers
“I want to pay my employees fairly,” stressed the Black Rabbit Bar & Grille’sChapman. “But the bigger problem is the cost of living.”
Norbrook Farm Brewery’s Auclair said he, too, sympathizes with employees making minimum or above minimum hourly wage. “I don’t know how young families are making it, living in the state of Connecticut.”
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Dylan Vadakin of North Canaan and Boston has opened Slow Burn Signs, a hand-painted sign business.
Ruth Epstein
NORTH CANAAN — When Dylan Vadakin drives around the highways and byways, his focus is on the signs he sees along the way.
As an artist and musician, his creativity was spurred on two years ago when he began learning about the art of hand-painted signs, and he now admits “it’s become an obsession that’s spiraling out of control.” He’s taken up this new endeavor, speaking enthusiastically and excitedly on the topic.
“I can now easily determine those that are hand-painted from those digitally produced,” he said during a recent interview. “A lot of mass-produced signs are made from vinyl and the print is put directly onto aluminum.” He believes those are not as easily read as the hand-painted ones, which give clear and bold messages.
“When there is physical interaction with a sign, it will give the viewer a more intimate understanding of what the client needs the public to know,” said Vadakin, 32, who splits his time between North Canaan, where he was raised, and Boston.
A tattoo artist for the past six years, he has now opened Slow Burn Signs. He began by collecting random and cheap items he could paint on, such as wood and old windows; enjoying the practice of reuse.
He has some friends who were starting small businesses and he painted small signs for them to build up his portfolio. One friend owns a pinball arcade in which Vadakin’s “Play Pinball Here” entices customers, while another is on Counter-Intuitive Records in Boston. Some of his work adorns vans and he’s done a sandwich sign for the Falls Village Package Store. He’s now working on a banner for a wedding. His clientele is slowly building up.
Asked what makes a good sign, Vadakin said, besides the messaging, colors and tones are important and it needs to be free of clutter. Hand-painted ones have a warm and genuine quality. They also possess longevity. As for design, he said he goes through phases.
“Right now I’m into bulky, block letters,” he said. “I can play with perspective a lot, with some parts receding and others coming forward. But legibility must be maintained.”
He said signs have become his real focus and he can’t go anywhere without them screaming out at him.
He finds it frustrating there’s only one trade school for hand-painted signs that’s in San Francisco. It’s difficult to find courses, but he’s been fortunate to have some professionals giving him advice.
Vadakin is a graduate of Housatonic Valley Regional High School and Berklee College of Music, where he majored in vibraphone.
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