In praise of pepper

We talk about salt all the time in this health column so someone suggested we try talking about black pepper for a change.Salt is a seasoning I like because I can definitely taste it. I like the way it looks, I like the way it feels when I crush it in my fingers as I sprinkle it on a dish. I have low blood pressure so I get a nice little boost when I add some sodium to my diet. Pepper is a spice I add to everything (savory) that I cook, but I’m not as clear on why I use it or what there is to like about it, or whether there is a difference between pepper brands.Here’s how pepper works, according to the National Institutes of Health. Peppercorns have an alkaloid in them called piperine that stimulates your digestive juices, in your pancreas. That stimulation increases your appetite and it reduces the amount of time that food spends passing through your digestive system. I always think of spicy foods as causing gastric distress; black pepper is actually supposed to reduce gas and other unpleasant digestive symptoms. An added benefit of this helpful service provided by pepper is that it helps do something in your digestive system to make some prescription drugs more bioavailable, or easier to absorb.Fights cancerLike so many other yummy edibles, black pepper has also been found to be a cancer-fighting antioxidant that also helps to fight the growth of tumors. And while I hesitate to say this, as a person who loves salt, pepper is also beneficial as a salt substitute. Here’s a salt reduction tip from the Harvard School of Public Health website: “One of the easiest ways to reduce the need for added salt is through the use of ingredients such as spices, dried and fresh herbs, roots (such as garlic and ginger), citrus, vinegars and wine. “From black pepper, cinnamon and turmeric to fresh basil, chile peppers and lemon juice, these flavor enhancers create excitement on the palate—and can do it with less sodium.”As I said, I can really taste salt in my food but for the most part I don’t really taste the pepper. I have started trying to be more conscious of that, however, and now when I need a flavor boost I try to add a grind of pepper instead of adding salt.The grinding is the key in that last sentence. One of the reasons why I don’t taste the pepper in my food, probably, is that I’m not using very good pepper. The first thing you need to know is that pepper loses its flavor within a half hour after you grind it. So, if you were wondering if it’s OK to just use the preground pepper that you get in a box at the grocery store, the answer, as my teenage daughter would succintly say, is “no.”Among peppercorns there are flavor differences. As long as you get a fairly fresh looking batch of peppercorns and grind them before use, you will probably see an immediate uptick in flavor.But if you want to really rock your pepper world, you have two options available to you. The most famous gourmet black pepper is, I believe, the Tellicherry pepper from India. It’s got more fruitiness and depth of flavor than other peppercorns, apparently. I’ve used it before and haven’t really noticed a big difference, but I also wasn’t thinking too much about it at the time.Kampot pepperThere is a new, or rather a recently rediscovered, peppercorn that I am fairly eager to get my hands on. It’s the Kampot peppercorn from Cambodia. Apparently Kampot pepper was already being grown in Cambodia before the French took over the nation, not only because the climate is perfect but also because of an interesting historical kerfuffle.At one time the region of Aceh in Indonesia was the center of global black peppercorn production, supplying half the world’s supply (back in ancient days, when pepper was still a precious spice, not something you got in a little paper parcel at the deli counter). The region grew so wealthy from peppercorn sales that its government burned down many of the peppercorn vines because other nearby countries were starting to covet the wealth they produced.Cambodia began growing its own peppercorns, discovering when it did so that the soil and climate of Kampot produced a particularly sweet and luscious peppercorn. When the French stepped in and colonized Cambodia, the peppercorns began to be used and prized by French chefs.The communists who took the country over from the French were somewhat less concerned with luxurious spices. They destroyed many of the peppercorn plantations and had rice planted in those fields instead.Fast-forward through the war and the defeat of the communists in the late 1970s. The Cambodian people spent the next two decades rooting out the last of the communist militias and insurgents.And we arrive at 2012, when the Cambodian government accords geographical indication (GI) status to Kampot pepper. That’s kind of the same as when you say Parmesan cheese can only come from Parma or Champagne can only come from the Champagne region of France. You can only call it Kampot pepper if it comes from Kampot, Cambodia.This is a big deal for the Cambodians, and its resurgence and growing strength is potentially a big deal for chefs, for people who love pepper and for people like me who are just culinary thrill-seekers.I haven’t been able to find Kampot pepper yet, except for one company selling it at Amazon.com. None of our regional gourmet shops has it, and even Zabars, Penzeys and Fairway in New York haven’t got it. If you find some, let me know. Until then, Tellicherry will no doubt be a big step up from the pepper in that little paper packet from the deli.

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