“If we wait five years, we will be able to walk across the river if it’s left
unchecked.” — Bob Petzold, president of Petzold’s Marine Center, on the urgency of halting hydrilla’s rampant spread.
This is the second of a series about invasive aquatic hydrilla and its growing threat to waterbodies and communities in Northwest Connecticut.
CHESTER, Conn. — Bob Petzold has spent the past few summers mowing his marina’s boat slips.
Thick, verdant green mats of notoriously troublesome hydrilla have made it impossible for vessels to enter or exit the channel unless he and his crew mechanically chop, gather and haul away massive piles of the invasive weed, which has clogged the Chester Boat Basin, one of two marinas he owns and operates on the Connecticut River.
Petzold knows that in doing so, he raises the risk of spreading hydrilla fragments that will drift away and repopulate elsewhere. But he has little choice, he said, if his four-generation, family-owned and operated business is to remain afloat.
“It’s a necessary evil,” he said. And an expensive one at that.
“We spend thousands of dollars on outside contractors and we have our own staff remediating it just to keep the channel open,” Petzold explained during an early September visit to his marina.
“When the water is clear, you can almost watch the hydrilla grow. If we wait five years, we will be able to walk across the river if it’s left unchecked.”
Bob Petzold, owner of the Chester Boat Basin on the Connecticut River, points to an area clogged with thick mats of hydrilla prior to a test application of an aquatic herbicide by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers this summer. Two of his marinas are among five demonstration sites in the Connecticut River Watershed selected for hydrilla research.Photo by Debra A. Aleksinas
The strain of hydrilla in the Connecticut River has been an ongoing concern since its discovery in 2016. It is considered genetically distinct from other known hydrilla populations in the world, and as such, there is limited information available to aid in the development of management strategies to limit its explosive spread.
Kayaks can’t pass through it. Boat motors get tangled by its long strands and stall. Coveted fishing holes have been abandoned by anglers, and swimmers won’t swim in it. Scientists are also addressing concerns about hydrilla’s threat to the ecosystem, including osprey and bald eagles. They fear that the Connecticut River strain harbors cyanobacteria, which produces a neurotoxin deadly to birds of prey.
Rhea Drozenko, river steward for the Connecticut River Conservancy, pointed to the Mattabesset River as an example of hydrilla’s explosive nature. “It created this huge mat, and some native plants couldn’t stand a chance. It created a sea of hydrilla.”
Fortunately for Petzold, and others who own businesses or real estate, enjoy recreational activities or cherish the 200-mile-long river’s aesthetics and ecology, hope is on the horizon.
Petzold’s two marinas, Chester Boat Basin and Portland Boat Works, are among five sites in the Connecticut River Watershed selected for testing of aquatic herbicides this summer as part of an ongoing hydrilla research project by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).
Other test sites include Chapman Pond in East Haddam, Keeney Cove in Glastonbury and Selden Cove in Lyme.
Scientists hope to reduce and control hydrilla, while protecting plants, fish and the long-term health of the river, as well as its $1 billion-plus contribution to Connecticut’s economy.
The results of that research could also bring a sigh of relief inland, where 10 lakes, so far, have been identified as hosts to hydrilla, which is spread between bodies of water primarily by unsuspecting boat owners.
East Twin Lake in Salisbury was the first lake outside of the Connecticut River watershed to identify an infestation late last summer. That number is expected to rise once the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) concludes its planned inspections of every state-owned boat launch throughout Connecticut.
Invasive aquatic plants in the Connecticut River.Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
In 2021, Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), announced that he is leading an effort to secure $100 million over four years in federal funding for a multistate effort to control hydrilla in the Connecticut River Watershed, and in June, he announced $5 million in federal funding for the USACE demonstration project.
“Senator Blumenthal was here. He pledged his support in getting government funding for this continual battle,” noted Petzold, who referred to hydrilla as “the biggest threat beyond our control” in the nearly 80-year history of his family business.
The funds will also support other goals including preventing hydrilla from spreading into coves, tributaries and inland waters, improving surveillance and detecting new infestations early and responding quickly to control and eradicate new infestations.
In addition, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), through the State Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Grant Program, made $500,000 available to municipalities, state agencies and nonprofit organizations to reduce impacts of aquatic species, including hydrilla, on inland waters.
Connecticut awarded approximately $952,700 to 46 projects statewide during the first three years of the AIS Grant Program.
As stakeholders await the results of the USACE’s demonstration project, already there are encouraging signs.
Petzold pointed to the gently rippling water surrounding the boat basin, which he said had not been that clear during peak boating season for several years. Around the slips, strands of sickly-looking hydrilla floated among dead leaves, victims of herbicidal dosing.
He credited the bipartisan support of lawmakers on the local, state and federal level for going “above and beyond” in supporting and communicating with stakeholders.
“In my mind, it’s made a world of difference. We’ll see what the test studies reveal, but it seems like it is doing the trick here, at least in the basin,” said the marina owner, who credited DEEP and USACE for working together effectively and keeping stakeholders in the loop and respond to their concerns.
“At this point I guess there’s no cure for it, but we have to figure out a way to stop it from spreading and growing as best we can.”
Beth Rye of Chester, who owns two vessels, a 20-foot Grady-White and 35-foot Viking, was ecstatic about being able to navigate in and out of the slips without her boats’ props getting snarled in hydrilla. “It’s gone!” she announced with glee.
Relief for some raises red flags for others, noted Drozenko, particularly when aquatic herbicides are involved.
“There has been a lot of concern about the use of herbicidal treatments, especially in very fragile, ecologically sensitive zones.”
Lakes and ponds, she said, are easier than flowing rivers to treat, as they are more contained and especially if the infestation is caught early, as in Salisbury’s East Twin Lake.
“Whereas if hydrilla moves into the Housatonic River,” the river steward cautioned, ‘it will have the same impact as in our river.”
Coming next: What’s at stake for Salisbury’s six lakes in 2025 and beyond.
Each piece makes a gift, a note or even a Christmas tree seem more personal, more considered, and more connected to humanity. Since then, demand for her personalized, hand-lettered tags, ornaments and cards has only grown, appearing in mailboxes across the region and at shops like the Cornwall Whale and Marton & Davis in Chatham, New York. Her precision is remarkable, and to watch her create these one-of-a-kind pieces is an art all unto itself.
In recent months, we’ve seen a deluge of stories on digital replacement. Data managers, bankers and even therapists are being replaced by computer programs in mass waves of layoffs. But what many still find surprising about the proliferation of nonhuman competitors in the job market is how it’s affecting the arts. Illustrators, animators, photographers, musicians and even on-screen actors are being supplanted by bots touted as “artificial intelligence agents.”
But calligraphy — and handwriting in general — has been in the crosshairs of mechanical progress for centuries. There was a time, if you can believe it, when writing anything required ink, paper and sometimes even a living, breathing human scribe. No typewriters, no word processors, no voice-to-text programs.
Then came Gutenberg’s printing press. Sure, it changed the world for the better, ensuring a greater distribution of ideas, and helping spark some of the most important political movements in history. But it also marked one of the first moments when technology replaced the artistic work of the human hand. Over the centuries, printers, designers and technologists have continued to innovate. Today, with Photoshop or Illustrator, an entire universe of alphabets exists, from ornate and embellished to precise and futuristic — all designed to replace the human hand.
Melissa Gamwell, crafting custom Valentine’s Day cards in her office in Cornwall. Kevin Greenberg
Yet, despite this centuries-long assault from technology, Gamwell has found her own way to thrive. Largely self-taught, she combines her drawing and industrial design background with an old-school New England childhood in Maine that involved “very tangible, hands-on, creative problem-solving using many materials.” Raised by “parents who loved antiquarian books, often filled with hand-written dedications,” hers was the kind of upbringing in which “traditional practices were cherished and flaunted” — a time and place with “hand-painted lettering on churches, street signage, the stones in beautiful churchyard cemeteries, and log books.”
Those early impressions have stayed with her, heightening her appreciation of sometimes overlooked details.
“There’s so much ephemera floating around with traces of beautiful handwriting to see everywhere, even now in Connecticut,” she said.
Even in a digital age, she keeps technology at a distance.
“You will not find ChatGPT on my phone, and you will usually not find my phone on me,” she said. Instead, she opts for a notebook, a scrap of paper or the back of a receipt. Sometimes, she goes even further, gathering black walnuts from trees on her property to make the specialized ink for her practice.
Gamwell’s approach to her craft is also philosophical. “There is no better feeling than working through something with your own brain and your own hands, even if you find it less exemplary than you would hope. And it only uses the water you’re already consuming. Do you need to convey an idea? Draw it, however horrific or childish. Write it, even if you never learned proper grammar — because you’ve always had programs do it,” she said.
“Sometimes I think that everything I like is ‘historic’ but it’s really that I just find more value in the traditional methods, which are still alive and well, and desperately in need of stewards for the future.”
After nearly 400 years of pressure, it’s encouraging to see handwriting — an art form that once seemed destined for obsolescence — still thriving, one careful stroke at a time. And thanks to Gamwell, perhaps there’s a new generation of observers, collectors and future calligraphers ready to carry it forward.
D.H. Callahan is a voice actor, creative director and trail steward. He lives with his wife, artist Lane Arthur, in West Cornwall, Connecticut.
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New works on display at Kenise Barnes Fine Art in Kent
An intricate woodcut print by Eve Stockton and the organized chaos of Margaret Neill’s abstract drawings dazzled the eye. But much of the show’s distinctive texture came from its sculptural works.
Catherine Latson’s wire structures, tightly wrapped in hand-dyed threads, bring to mind pastel- hued sea anemones and become more impressive upon closer inspection. Translucent, hanging cast-resin vampire bats by Tristan Fitch blend into the ceiling until viewed up close, when they become an inescapable presence.
Detail of“Specimen 42” by Catherine Latson at KBFAD.H. Callahan
An intriguing sculpture by Julie Maren features acorn caps affixed to the wall, filled with vibrant, shimmering colors.
Paintings and a sculpture crafted from reclaimed wood by Maine-based artist Matt Barter demonstrated the range of mediums represented by a single artist.
While some of the works are already spoken for, all are on view through late April.
For more information, visit kbfa.com
Harriet Newman Cohen
Provided
Cohen writes fearlessly, with a good dose of wry humor, about her own struggles balancing marriage and divorce, raising four daughters, entering Brooklyn Law School in 1971 at age 38, and her ensuing legal career. According to Bernstein, “Passion and Power” is as much about the reshaping of American cultural norms as it is about one remarkable woman’s role at the forefront of legal and social transformation.
Cohen’s work in the legal profession has been pivotal to social change. A 2021 HBO documentary, “Nuclear Family,” directed by Ry Russo-Young, chronicles the landmark custody struggle of Russo-Young’s parents, a queer couple who hired Cohen as their lawyer.
Cohen is an honest storyteller, unflinching in admitting her mistakes and rightly proud of her accomplishments. Her story ranges from tales of her father’s fortune made producing the Hula-Hoop to her memory of schoolmate Kiki Bader — Ruth Bader Ginsburg — as a cheerleader waving pom-poms in Brooklyn. She also writes of her deep love of family, the stultifying suburban life of her first marriage, mentorship by legal icon Louis Nizer and riding the wave of social revolution that buoyed her career.
Norfolk author Gillian Linden writes of her step-grandmother, “Harriet Newman Cohen is a funny, edifying guide — precise, curious, warm. Entirely unsentimental. Marriage and its many paths is rich territory. This book is filled with the strange, glamorous, desperate and sadistic characters you hope to meet in the very best novels.”
For details, visit norfolklibrary.org
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