The Good Book of Biology: The story of molecular biology of the cell, told clearly for all

Many years ago, never mind how many, a biology student from Manila wrote to me about earning a PhD at Columbia University.  At the time, I was head of the PhD program in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Every year we recruited a number of graduate students who would spend the next five years taking courses, doing thesis research, teaching, and learning the craft of science.

An application from the Philippines was a long shot but we had enough funding to take a few foreign students. The application is arduous, containing the standard questions anyone applying to college knows about. We also look for something unusual and our applicant (now a successful part of American science) had two such items in his resume. First, he had built a working replica of the first microscope made by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the late 17th century, and second, his essay told us there were only three copies of “Molecular Biology of the Cell” in the Philippines (probably an underestimate), and he owned two of them, which he had read. So, we invited him to New York where he did his thesis in my lab.

 

I confess I have buried the lede, which is the story of “Molecular Biology of the Cell.” By 1979, scientists could sequence DNA, find and manipulate specific genes, and had discovered that the cells of higher organisms had molecular innovations that bacterial cells lacked. Immunology advanced, cell biology, and other fields developed. These advances deserved a clearly written book for students, and frankly, for their teachers, who knew specific fields like bacterial genetics, but were vague on other areas of biology where we knew molecular biology was going to lead us. If today science can make mRNA vaccines and produce therapeutic proteins to control inflammation, among other astonishing practical discoveries, which are due in part to the fact that our students and their mentors studied from “Molecular Biology of the Cell.”

The first edition came out in 1983 from Garland Publishing, a firm with an interest in scientific textbooks. Garland was owned by Elizabeth (Libby) and Gavin Borden of New York and Norfolk, Conn. The first edition was planned in Norfolk. The idea for a new book came from Jim Watson, the Nobel Prize winning Director of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories on Long Island, whose previous books, the Molecular Biology of the Gene and The Double Helix covered an earlier period.  Jim Watson and Gavin Borden knew each other and because, according to Libby, Jim thought Gavin was fun, Garland became the publisher.

 

Recruiting six excellent scientists to cover all aspects of cell and molecular biology was difficult.  They had other things to do; all ran labs and taking summers to write a book was hard for them and their families, who were not allowed at writing sessions. The 1983 edition defined the style and the process of writing and editing. The diagrams and photographs were created and frequently revised as the text changed.  The story of this period has been captured in a manuscript by Heather Ann Burton titled, A Window on Collaboration: The Story of Molecular Biology of the Cell. It has not been published, but it is a trove of information about the authors and publishers, their personalities, tensions, and capacity for cooperation.  The spirit of collaboration comes through.

Libby says that the first edition was difficult because they were creating from a blank slate. Garland had invested quite a lot of money but neither Libby nor Gavin knew how many copies they would sell. She thought a hundred or so in the first few weeks. In the event, they sold tens of thousands in the first six months. The seventh edition, much advanced in science and publishing formats, will appear on July 1, 2022. Most of the original authors, American and British, remain. Bruce Alberts, a legendary scientist and passionate supporter of science education is now the lead author.

What made it so good? Clarity. Simple declarative sentences, excellent headings, and colored diagrams backed by images make it a joy. The book was beautifully designed. This was a relief from earlier texts, some of which I had fought through as an undergraduate or graduate student.  The hardbound copy (even the 4th edition) was described by Libby as too heavy to pick up, but too interesting to put down, which is true. One of my colleagues, preparing for a lecture, held a hard copy to his chest, did crunches, and then looked up muscle contraction. It’s a versatile book.

 

Richard Kessin is Emeritus Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. He and Galene Kessin live in Norfolk. Email: Richard.Kessin@gmail.com; website with other essays: RichardKessin.com. I thank Libby Borden for her memories and Heather Ann Burton for her history of the collaboration.

The views expressed here are not necessarily those of The Lakeville Journal and The Journal does not support or oppose candidates for public office.

Latest News

A new life for Barrington Hall

A new life for Barrington Hall

Dan Baker, left, and Daniel Latzman at Barrington Hall in Great Barrington.

Provided

Barrington Hall in Great Barrington has hosted generations of weddings, proms and community gatherings. When Dan Baker and Daniel Latzman took over the venue last summer, they stepped into that history with a plan not just to preserve it, but to reshape how the space serves the community today.

Barrington Hall is designed for gathering, for shared experience, for the simple act of being together. At a time when connection is often filtered through screens and distraction, their vision is grounded in something simple and increasingly rare: real human connection.

Keep ReadingShow less

Gail Rothschild’s threads of time

Gail Rothschild’s threads of time

Gail Rothschild with her painting “Dead Sea Linen III (73 x 58 inches, 2024, acrylic on canvas.

Natalia Zukerman

There is a moment, looking at a painting by Gail Rothschild, when you realize you are not looking at a painting so much as a map of time. Threads become brushstrokes; fragments become fields of color; something once held in the hand becomes something you stand in front of, both still and in a constant process of changing.

“Textiles connect people,” Rothschild said. “Textiles are something that we’re all intimately involved with, but we take it for granted.”

Keep ReadingShow less

Sherman Players celebrate a century of community theater

Sherman Players celebrate a century of community theater

Cast of “Laughter on the 23rd Floor” from left to right. Tara Vega, Steve Zerilli, Bob Cady (Standing) Seated at the table: Andrew Blanchard, Jon Barker, Colin McLoone, Chris Bird, Rebecca Annalise, Adam Battlestein

Provided

For a century, the Sherman Players have turned a former 19th-century church into a stage where neighbors become castmates, volunteers power productions and community is the main attraction. The company marks its 100th season with a lineup that blends classic works, new writing and homegrown talent.

New England has a long history of community theater and its role in strengthening civic life. The Sherman Players remain a vital example, mounting intimate, noncommercial productions that draw on local participation and speak to the current cultural moment.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

Reimagining opera for a new generation

Reimagining opera for a new generation

Stage director Geoffrey Larson signs autographs for some of the kids after a family performance.

Provided

For those curious about opera but unsure where to begin, the Mahaiwe Theater in Great Barrington will offer an accessible entry point with “Once Upon an Opera,” a free, family-friendly program on Sunday, April 12, at 2 p.m. The event is designed for opera newcomers and aficionados alike and will include selections from some of opera’s most beloved works.

Luca Antonucci, artistic coordinator, assistant conductor and chorus master for the Berkshire Opera Festival, said the idea first materialized three years ago.

Keep ReadingShow less
BSO charts future amid leadership transition and financial strain

Aerial view of The Shed at Tanglewood in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Provided

The Boston Symphony Orchestra is outlining its path forward following the announcement that music director Andris Nelsons will step down after the 2027 Tanglewood season, closing a 13-year tenure.

In a letter to supporters, the BSO’s Board of Trustees acknowledged that the news has been difficult for many in its community, while emphasizing gratitude for Nelsons’ leadership and plans to celebrate his final season.

Keep ReadingShow less
A tradition of lamb for Easter and Passover

Roasted lamb

Provided

Preparing lamb for the observance of Easter is a long-standing tradition in many cultures, symbolizing new life and purity. For Christians, Easter marks the end of Lenten fasting, allowing for a celebratory feast. A popular choice is roast lamb, often prepared with rosemary, garlic or lemon. It is traditional to serve mint sauce or mint jelly at the table.

The Hebrew Bible suggests that the last plague God inflicted on the Egyptians, to secure the Israelites’ release from slavery, was to kill the firstborn son in every Egyptian home. To differentiate the Israelites from the Egyptians, God instructed them to mark their doorposts with the blood of a lamb. Today, Jews, Christians and Muslims generally believe that God would have known who was Israelite and who was Egyptian without such a sign, but views of God’s omnipotence in the Abrahamic faiths have evolved over the millennia.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.